copper comma,Introduction to Academic Writing · Section 3.1 sample
Communicate for audience, purpose, and context
Who is the reader?
Compare two versions of the same information, analyze a reader’s needs, and adapt a passage. This sample follows the blueprint’s audience-analysis and adaptation sequence; it is not the entire course.
The same facts can do different work.
Original fictional practice texts. No real library findings or policy decisions are represented.
Text A
A proposal for the board
During a six-week evening-opening pilot, Westbrook Library recorded 86 visits after 6 p.m. These are visits, not necessarily 86 different people. The pilot covered two evenings per week and required 24 additional staff hours. I recommend a further six-week trial before making evening hours permanent. The next trial should record repeat visits and the services used, so the board can consider demand alongside staffing needs.
Text B
A notice for library visitors
Would later library hours help you? Westbrook Library is considering another evening-hours trial. In the first six weeks, visitors made 86 visits after 6 p.m. That count may include people who came more than once. The trial used extra staff time, so the library is still considering how to offer evening access. Tell us when you would visit and what services you would use. A permanent change has not been approved.
What does your reader need?
Choose the reader you will write for. Identify what they already know, what they need from the message, and what you must explain.
See a model audience analysis
Reader: A community member unfamiliar with the pilot.
Already knows: The library’s usual services, perhaps its current opening times.
Needs: Whether hours are changing, what remains undecided, and how to give useful feedback.
Choices: Begin with the proposal’s relevance, explain what 86 visits means, avoid implying permanent approval, and end with a clear invitation to respond.
Change the content and organization.
Use Text A as your source, or replace it with a short excerpt from your own earlier writing. Adapt about 80–120 words for the reader you selected. Keep the evidence accurate; explain what you added, cut, or moved.
Review before you save
Choose a reader, complete the analysis, draft your adaptation, explain your changes, and review your work to enable the download.
Peer feedback prompts
Ask a peer: Who does this seem written for? Where did you need more explanation? Which change in content or order helped you? What would you revise next?
This is practice with self-review and peer-feedback prompts, not automated grading. Text stays in the current page until downloaded; refreshing clears it. Avoid personal or confidential information.